Is there any way to find difference between two same sounds of different people?

Question

I am trying to understand and find a way to distinguish two same sounds of different people by some physics formula, so could you guys help me?

OK I'll try to explain my question in this way that, for example, there are two people A and B are reading this sentence aloud. "Crackers are Cracking for Crown". And if we want to find difference by applying any kind of physics, maths or computer science formula, so and then later we can say this was person A sound or B etc.

But while finding the difference these points should not matter:

1- volume of the sound
2- pronunciation (obviously it understandable)
3- speed of the sound 
4- same voice or different

Answer 1

There are many algorithms used to analyze audio waves and voice sound in particular. I don't think you will find a single "Physics Formula" that can quantify or distinguish between two similar audio samples. Algorithms exist for what you are describing, but I'm not sure if any good ones are open-source or published.

Voice recognition algorithms attempt to match audio samples with words, regardless of the pitch and speed of the voice. A voice biometric algorithm attempts to match a particular speaker (person) to an audio sample.

Both of these things are very complicated and are areas of active research. We all know from experience with Smart Phones and phone prompt systems that voice recognition is not very accurate. But with a limited vocabulary, the algorithms do a good job (for instance if we know the user will either say "yes" or "no" the system can distinguish between these two words accurately) I don't know how accurately computers can match a voice to a person, but since it is used as a security measure, It should be pretty good. (see this biometric update) Google is actively researching ways of improving speech recognition technology.