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Why does causal perturbation theory in the sense of Epstein Glaser fall under algebraic QFT rather than heuristic QFT in renormalization?

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Because its statements and methods are fully rigorous, hence constitute mathematical physics. No unproved or unprovable claims are made. See https://www.physicsforums.com/insights/causal-perturbation-theory/ for an exposition of the principles and results.

There is other work on renormalization in relativistic QFT that is fully rigorous and hence qualifies as algebraic QFT, for example Salmhofer's work, which treats renormalization in a rigorous formal power series framework. See Salmhofer's book ''Renormalization: an introduction'', Springer 2013.