How can the spectrum of hydrogen be measured (Lyman series, Balmer series, Paschen series and so on)? I mean schema of measurement circuit and the measuring technique (including all the steps needed). Is there any difference between the spectrum of atomic and molecular hydrogen?
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(+1) Here I show how to measure the emission spectra of hydrogen atoms and hydrogen molecules: https://physics.stackexchange.com/a/768678/313612. My spectrograph only covers the nominal visible range: about 400 nm to about 700 nm. With extended spectral range collimation lens and camera, I could extend into the UV and IR. And there are other spectrometers that can do likewise. Not so hard nowadays. Hope this helps a bit – Ed V Jul 19 '23 at 23:42
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googling "introduction to experimental atomic spectroscopy" gives some pretty nice results.
And yes, the spectrum of atomic and molecular hydrogen is radically different. This question at physicsforums correctly points the user to the NIST spectra database.
One should keep in mind that not all of the possible emission/absorption lines will show up in any given experiment and a lot depends on the exact conditions the gas is in. A nice introduction to this is in Condon and Shortley.
Emilio Pisanty
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