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Why is electric charge quantized? It is said that charge quantization is a consequence of embedding the abelian gauge group in a simple non-abelian group as is done in theories of Grand Unification. Can somebody explain this in detail (show mathematical steps)? Or is there another explanation?

Shen
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  • Related: http://physics.stackexchange.com/q/97909/2451 , http://physics.stackexchange.com/q/21103/2451 and links therein. – Qmechanic Mar 31 '17 at 03:22
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    the fundamental reason is because at the particle level only quantized charges have beenobserved. You are really asking "how is this modeled mathematically" – anna v Mar 31 '17 at 04:24
  • Isn't that simply the conserved charge of Dirac field? – Turgon Mar 31 '17 at 07:10

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