For 1D linear chain, a is the lattice constant, u is the displacement of every atom from the equilibrium. N is the total number of atom
the boundary condition is u(0)=u(Na)
but my question is why? why are they equal. why does the atom at one end of the chain have to perform the same as the atom at the other end?
Sometimes, I see that sb. writes boundary condition as u(na)=u(na+Na). If there is only N atoms, how could there be u(na+Na)?
Thanks