My background covers two years of QM, and I am now starting into QFT using Zee and Srednicki.
I am familiar with the math behind wave packets and their rapid dispersion, as one of the reasons they cannot represent particles. I have also covered QFT up to basic Feynman diagrams and the Dirac equation and the basic treatment of the fields as creation and annihilation operators.
My question is:
Can anybody describe, preferably in schematic terms if that's allowed here, (as I can study on this myself), how a particle appears from the underlying field.
I am fully aware that a complete description is not appropriate here.
To put it another way, I am looking for a roadmap of the steps involved in taking a field, for example the electron field, and getting a particle out of it.
I have searched for simple explanations and have come across the following:
The second answer in the post includes:
For the case of an electron, it is described by a Dirac spinor field $ψ$ with Lagrangian,
$$L=ψ¯(iγμ∂μ−m)ψ$$
We say the electron arises as an excitation of the quantum field $ψ$. On a technical level, if we expand the field using Fourier analysis, roughly like,
$$\psi \sim \int \frac{d^4p}{(2\pi)^4} \, \left( b_pe^{ipx}+c^\dagger_p e^{-ipx}\right)$$
neglecting many factors.
I can follow the structure of this equation, but if this is the basic "wave", what constraints must it obey to create an electron?
Again schematically only, if a quantum version of S.H.M is involved, I would like to know more. I think I read that a particle is connected with the smallest node, but I don't know if that makes sense to anyone.