Is there gravitational black hole radiation?

Question

Black holes have entropy and temperature. As Bekenstein and Hawking showed, this yields the emission of electromagnetic radiation in the form of photons: black holes radiate photons.

The next question is straightforward: do black holes also radiate gravitons? Given that the answer is yes, as the literature shows, what determines the ratio between photon and graviton emission?

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P.S. The question is not about how gravity gets out of a black hole. This is answered in many places. The question is: is there a slow evaporation process of black holes also via gravitons, in addition to the evaporation via photons.

P.P.S. I am not asking about the radiation of massive particles. Only about photons vs. gravitons.

Does this answer your question? How many of which particles are in Hawking radiation? — G. Smith, Jan 26 '20 at 07:11
Every kind of particle gets radiated. The more massive particles do not get radiated significantly until the final stages of evaporation. — G. Smith, Jan 26 '20 at 07:15
Yes, black holes radiate gravitons. But the total power carried away by gravitons would be ~10 times smaller than for photons. — A.V.S., Jan 26 '20 at 07:26
I have never seen a simple explanation. You have to actually do the calculation like Page did in 1976. — G. Smith, Jan 26 '20 at 19:04
@G.Smith: This is about spin of corresponding quanta: for a photon you cannot have a wave with $\ell=0$, for graviton you cannot have a wave with $\ell=0,1$. So if there was a massless scalar particle it would have the carried even more power than photons. — A.V.S., Jan 26 '20 at 19:40
@A.V.S. Thanks for pointing this out. Is that the simple explanation for why there is less radiation in gravitons than in photons? — G. Smith, Jan 26 '20 at 20:40
@A.V.S. That is only true for a non-spinning black hole. A Kerr black hole with $a=0.99M$ will actually emit 10 times more energy in gravitational waves then in photons. — TimRias, Jan 27 '20 at 07:45

anna v · Accepted Answer · 2020-01-27T07:25:32.083

Is there gravitational black hole radiation?

The question has two frameworks, the classical General Relativity and the quantum mechanical frame.General realativity has not been definitively quantized, so any answer will depend on future research results.

The assumption is that the gauge boson of the possible quantized gravitation is the graviton, whose coupling constant in feynman diagrams is seen in this table. As you can see it is many orders of magnitude than the electromagnetic one, and it is coupling constants mainly that set the level of interaction probabilities.

This paper describes the original Hawking calculation for black hole evaporation, I just glanced trough it. It mentions that:

Calculations have also been done for emission of fermions and gravitons, linearized perturbations of the metric.

As was pointed out in comments the energy for Hawking radiation has to come from the gravitational field, so for any particle production a corresponding vertex with the graviton should exist. For example in this paper this vertex is described for graviton photon compton scattering. In the duplicate link, references can be found where calculations have been carried out. Gravitons, in contrast to photons, are self interacting, there exists a three graviton vertex, so a virtual graviton to two gravitons, one virtual and one with a real fourvector that escapes from the horizon, is possible in the strong gravitational field of a black hole.

The answer is that yes there is gravitational radiation coming from the black holes, to a smaller extent than for photons.

Is there gravitational black hole radiation?

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