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We know that force is apllied either by pushing or pulling anything. But how do we push or pull or apply force on anything.

I imagine the object A that is pushing and another object B that is getting pushed, where we zoom into them and try to find how actually A is capable of pushing B. What I myself saw is major Electric fields in the region between them after reading to books.

But i can't see deep enough. How they( the fields) actually push the first particle of object B is most confusing to me.

So now you know that my question is- *How do fields( Electric, magnetic or gravitation or any other) push any other particle of any object.

You can separately explain for Electric, magnetic or gravitational fields...

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    Sounds like you are asking about why exactly do similar poles of the magnet repel each other, and why like charges repel and unlike ones attract. Is that correct ? – Nakshatra Gangopadhay Dec 06 '21 at 20:43

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Ultimately fields are all there is -- that is, the things we call "particles" like electrons and quarks, are all excitations of elementary fields (the electron field, u-quark field, and so on). The interactions of fields are described by quantum field theory.

During the actual interaction the notion of "particle" becomes ill defined. For example, calculating how two "electrons" scatter off one another requires summing an infinite number of terms describing the interactions of the electron and electromagnetic fields. Sometimes these terms are described in terms of "virtual" particles, like the electrons exchanging a photon, which may in turn split into an electron-positron pair, and so on. But while that's a convenient mental model, it's just a shorthand for doing the math describing the fields. That there are even just two particles (the two electrons) involved is only true in the limits as we go backwards and forwards in time away from the interaction.

Given that, what you're really asking is "why can fields affect one another". And while we can describe how they interact in great detail (quantum field theory is phenomenally successful), the why is just a given. The universe does have fields that interact in various ways, and if it has other fields that never interact at all then we would have no way to detect them.

Eric Smith
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  • Maybe it's possible that there is another type of world that is made of some other kind of charges which don't interect with the charges that we know, existing in our universe –  Dec 12 '21 at 03:49
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Introduction tldr We have observed and described with formulas how electrically charged bodies repel each other or are attracted by bodies with electron deficiency.
We see this also in the elementary scale, when an electron is attracted by an ion with proton excess. We further know that photons are emitted when the electron is attracted to the ion.
And we observe that the electron shell has almost no electric field towards the outside.

We know that static magnetic fields do not interact with static electric fields, but we observe the deflection of a forward moving electron in a magnetic field. And in the process, as with the attraction of the electron toward the nucleus of the atom, electromagnetic radiation is emitted. tldr

Field lines are used to illustrate how the field strength is distributed around a source. In calculations, however, a continuum is assumed and mathematically solved with gradients. However, are fields in the elementary scale really continuous or are they discontinuous, i.e. composed of quanta?

An indication that fields are quantized is given by the Feynman diagrams. In them, the interaction between the fields of electrons is explained by the exchange of virtual photons.

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At the same time, however, it is pointed out that virtual photons, just like field lines, serve only for illustration and do not exist.

The terms field line and virtual photon introduced in physics shows our insufficient knowledge about the interaction of fields on elementary scale. Only the quantization of the fields can help here, i.e. the introduction of new elementary particles, whose sequence to each other can describe electric fields, magnetic fields and photons.

That it must be the goal to include photons in this description is obvious. First because of the above described photon emission of particles and - even more serious - second because of the structure of the electromagnetic radiation with its electric and its magnetic field component.

How do fields (electric, magnetic or gravitation) push any other particle of any object.

This is described by the fields. Your question about the more detailed description on a more elementary scale is not answered by physics yet.

HolgerFiedler
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