How can we understand the quantum field $$\phi(x) = \int \frac{d^3p}{(2\pi)^3\sqrt{2E}} ( a_p e^{-ipx}+ a^\dagger_p e^{ipx}) ,$$ where $ a_p$ and $a^\dagger_p$ are creation annihilation operators, in QFT, as a representation of the Poincaré Group?
As I understand it, you have to find a generator of one of the symmetries of the Poincaré group and exponentiate it in order to have a (unitary) representation of the Poincaré group. For example $U(t)= e^{-itH}$ for the representation of the time translation. So it has nothing to do with this quantum field.