The density of states for a photon gas is defined by, $$D(\epsilon)=\frac{g}{2\pi^2}\frac{\epsilon^2}{(\hbar c)^2} $$ where g is the number of independent internal states for a photon. The question is now, what is the value of g?
Since photons are spin 1 particles, it should be 3, given by the fact that, $2s+1=g$.
But that's not the case as I read that it is actually 2, due to the two polarization sttaes of the em waves. Why is this?