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In the chiral model, the quark field $q=\begin{pmatrix} u \\ d \end {pmatrix}$ transforms like $q\rightarrow\exp({i(\theta_a\tau^a+\gamma_5\beta_a\tau^a)})\;q$. Now, I understand that the transformations defined by $$ U = {i(\theta_a\tau^a+\gamma_5\beta_a\tau^a)} $$ are the generators of the $SU(2)\times SU(2)$ chiral group. Now, to couple the electromagnetic fields for instance, one introduces gauge fields $A_\mu$ that transform like $$ A_\mu \rightarrow U A_\mu U^\dagger - \frac{i}{g}(\partial_\mu U)U^\dagger $$ which allows the definition of a covariant derivative so that the derivatives transform like the fields (this is the usual method also used to couple scalar fields to QED).

These transformations imposed on $A_\mu$ only work to produce the desired outcome if $U^\dagger U = 1$.

However, as explained in Schwartz's Quantum Field Theory, this property can not be true for generators of the Lorentz group, since there are not finite-dimensional spinor representations of the Lorentz group that are unitary.

How does one reconcile these two facts? Is there something I am missing?

Qmechanic
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  • The group of your title commutes with the Lorentz group. Its representations are unitary under it. – Cosmas Zachos Jul 31 '23 at 16:57
  • Related: https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/358390/2451 , https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/99051/2451 and links therein. – Qmechanic Aug 01 '23 at 07:40
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    you're confusing group elements with algebra elements. The $U$ in your first equation is an algebra element, the $U$ in your second equation is a group element, they denote different objects and you should use different symbols. (The two $U$'s are not independent though: they satisfy $U_{2\text{nd}}=\exp(U_{1\text{st}})$). Group elements are unitary, algebra elements are hermitian., – AccidentalFourierTransform Aug 05 '23 at 18:59

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