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As my question states, at 2K and below, helium 2 is a superfluid that apparently can defy the laws of entropy. This is explained that at this temperature, all atoms are in the same quantum state. Doesn't this violate the exclusion principle?

Rick
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    3, not 2 I think…. – Jon Custer Aug 31 '23 at 00:59
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    You are thinking of the Pauli exclusion principle no? – Triatticus Aug 31 '23 at 01:53
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    (1) While helium has atomic number 2, its two stable isotopes are helium-3 and helium-4. Both have a superfluid phase. (2) The transition to a zero-entropy fluid phase does not violate the laws of entropy; if this is your question, please [edit] to clarify. (3) You seem to have written "uncertainty principle" instead of "exclusion principle." The exclusion principle doesn't apply to bosons like helium-4; the mechanism of superfluidity in fermionic helium-3 is a nontrivial question. – rob Aug 31 '23 at 04:14

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The atoms form pairs which have a integer spin.The pairs then obey the Bose-Einstein statistics.Superconductivitity is also very similar to superfluidity with the difference that instead of groups of atoms we have groups of electrons.

Cerise
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