Questions tagged [nuclear-physics]

Nuclear physics is the study of the composition, behavior and interaction of atomic nuclei and their constituent parts.

Nuclear physics is the study of the composition, behavior and interaction of atomic nuclei and their constituent parts. It differs from particle physics in that it spans a lower energy range where nucleons and even nuclei are stable and interactions can generally be described in terms of nucleon and meson degrees of freedom instead of quark and gluon degrees of freedom.

The effective theory known as Quantum Hadron Dynamics (QHD) and Chiral Perturbation Theory are useful for some problems in nuclear regime despite being known to be incomplete. Nuclear physicists also study the transition region where QCD corrections become important but the theory is not fully perturbative.

Nuclear physics provides the basic tools for nuclear power engineering and nuclear weaponry, though most nuclear physicists are not-involved in either of these fields.

3273 questions
40
votes
3 answers

Why did "tickling the dragons tail" by Louis Slotin not cause an explosion?

I have been reading the excellent Command and Control by Eric Schlosser and discovered more about Louis Slotin's experiment with "tickling the dragons tail" and the infamous Demon Core. What I don't understand; and please excuse my naivety, is when…
dooburt
  • 503
28
votes
3 answers

Are the protons and neutrons in the nucleus arranged in any particular way?

I was wondering this: suppose you have two oxygen atoms. They will both have 8 protons and 8 neutrons in the nucleus (at least if they are the most common isotope). Now, will all those particles be arranged in the same way in both atoms? If they…
Javier
  • 28,106
24
votes
2 answers

Why are protons and neutrons the "right" degrees of freedom of nuclei?

This question may sound stupid but why do we visualize nuclei as composed of a bunch of neutrons and protons? Wouldn't the nucleons be too close together to be viewed as different particles? Isn't the whole nucleus just a complicated low energy…
dan-ros
  • 2,117
22
votes
4 answers

What happens to alpha particles in matter?

Alpha radiation can be stopped by a piece of paper, but what happens to a helium nucleus after it loses all its energy in matter? Does it became part of the material or does it change nuclear properties?
17
votes
3 answers

What is the shape of a deuterium nucleus?

What is the shape of a deuterium nucleus? I can think of two obvious extremes. A positive proton end intersecting with a neutral neutron end. Or a cylinder with spherical caps on the ends that is positive on one end and neutral on the other.
14
votes
1 answer

What is an intuitive picture of the motion of nucleons?

I understand the "motion" of electrons within an ordinary atom (say argon at room temperature and pressure). They are moving in "orbits" defined by quantum mechanical wavefunctions where the "orbits" are smeared out in space with some locations…
10
votes
3 answers

What experiments show that the nucleus is spherical in shape?

I know that experiments like electron scattering can give the nuclear charge radius and proton scattering can give the nuclear matter radius. However, these experiments seem to first assume that the nucleus is spherical so as to calculate its…
TaeNyFan
  • 4,215
9
votes
3 answers

Does the population of higher level s-shells affect the decay rate of alpha emitters?

Consider a nuclide like $\mathrm{^{232}Th}$, which has a half-life of 1.4e10 years and which decays by $\alpha$ decay to $\mathrm{^{228}Ra}$. Alpha decay is a quantum mechanical tunneling process in which an $\alpha$ particle tunnels through the…
7
votes
2 answers

Endoergic/Endothermic Nuclear Reaction

Let us take a nuclear reaction as follows: $$\rm _7^{16}N +{}_2^4He \rightarrow {}_8^{19}O+{}_1^1H$$ Now the question is that we have to find the minimum kinetic energy of the Helium atom for the nuclear reaction to occur. Given are the masses of…
7
votes
3 answers

Does the Nuclear reaction happen inside the fuel rods?

I've been reading up on nuclear reactors, and understand explanations of how it works, how water is heated to steam, which turns the turbines, etc.. I understand all of the safety features, and how control rods are used, and what they do with spent…
cantsay
  • 203
7
votes
5 answers

Why is storage of spent nuclear fuel dangerous?

Just what the title states; there's a good deal of noise made about transport, and storage of spent nuclear fuel. Why all the hullabaloo when the fuel is all spent?
Everyone
  • 4,703
7
votes
7 answers

Is it possible to obtain gold through nuclear decay?

Is there a series of transmutations through nuclear decay that will result in the stable gold isotope ${}^{197}\mathrm{Au}$ ? How long will the process take?
6
votes
2 answers

Why are elements with even atomic number more abundant?

In reading this article about the origins of elements, I found the following diagram: What strikes me about this image is the very consistent zig-zagging of the line that appears to indicate that elements/isotopes with an even number are more…
spender
  • 167
6
votes
3 answers

Theoretical Stability of "AB-matter"

Alexander Bolonkin has proposed the possibility of manipulating nucleons to produce stable, macroscopic structures of nuclear matter at zero pressure (which he calls "AB-matter"), by analogy with the nanotech ideas of directly manipulating atoms to…
6
votes
2 answers

Is it possible to manufacture Helium?

Helium is a scarce resource, as it escapes the atmosphere over time. If we run out of Helium deposits, will it be possible to manufacture more helium through nuclear fusion or another nuclear process? If so, how much energy will be required?
jarlemag
  • 385
1
2 3
16 17